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&#13;
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&#13;
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                  <text>Born near Syracuse, New York, Irving Gill (1870-1936) was descended from Quakers and grew up in a family with ties to the building trades; his father was a carpenter and a farmer. Gill trained in architecture through an apprenticeship with architect Ellis K. Hall in Syracuse and, based on Hall’s recommendation, moved to Chicago in 1890 to work for architect Joseph L. Silsbee. By 1891, however, Gill was in the office of Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan. Frank Lloyd Wright (who had earlier worked for Silsbee) was working for Sullivan at this time and later claimed that Gill worked under his guidance. The Adler and Sullivan office was engaged with the Transportation Building for the World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893. This early modern design was one of the few buildings not in the classical style for which the fair became known and highly influential, and it is likely that Gill may have worked on this project during his brief tenure in the office. &#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
The accompanying photographic image from the period remind us how modern Gill’s buildings looked in comparison to what existed, and how much land close to cities was still undeveloped. At far left is the Sefton Hospital, with the Gill-designed Children's Home Association boys dormitory in the middle, and a typical building for the time, on the right.</text>
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&#13;
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Reportedly because of ill health, Gill moved to San Diego in 1893. There he entered a short-lived partnership with Joseph Falkenham, then established in 1896 an office with William Sterling Hebbard, which lasted until 1906. In the following years Gill worked alone, though he collaborated with architect Frank Mead on a few projects between 1906-1907. Gill's nephew, Louis Gill joined the office in 1911 and became a partner around 1914. Gill increasingly spent time in the Los Angles area, doing work in Torrance and Los Angeles through the 1920s, with Louis Gill managing the San Diego office, until their partnership ended. In the late 1920s, Gill designed several projects, many unrealized, in collaboration with San Diego architect John Siebert.&#13;
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Gill published several essays during his lifetime, in which he argued for a simple and authentic architecture, famously writing, “[a]ny deviation from simplicity results in a loss of dignity.” Many of his projects show his social concerns for the poor and working men and women, as in his houses for working men and single women, and his designs for the Rancho Barona Indian resettlement village in Lakeside, California.</text>
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&#13;
In Los Angeles, Davidson went to work for the office of David Farquhar, then worked as a set designer under contract with Cecil B. De Mille, and then begun remodeling houses for a firm of builders. In 1927, Davidson opened up his own office in Los Angeles, though he never became a licensed architect. His commercial buildings of the 1920s, for which he often designed the interiors, fixtures and furniture, were widely published, including those for the popular Coconut Grove restaurant/nightclub and the High Hat restaurants. Davidson’s house designs date primarily from the late 1930s through the 1940s. &#13;
&#13;
Invited by John Entenza, editor of Arts and Architecture magazine, Davidson designed Case Study House 1, which was finally realized in 1948. He also designed Case Study House 11, the first of the Case Study houses to be built, and Case Study House 15. Although many of Davidson's designs were published during his lifetime, Esther McCoy helped bring international attention to his work when she included him in her book, The Second Generation. Davidson died at his home in Ojai, California on May 2, 1977.</text>
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The housing designs showed that good architecture and good design could be scaled up to produce low cost houses, since the need for single family homes was of paramount importance after WWII. As the Case Study House program evolved throughout the 1950s and into the early 1960s, the houses became more modern, with less emphasis on low-cost, but rather cutting-edge design.</text>
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In Los Angeles, Davidson went to work for the office of David Farquhar, then worked as a set designer under contract with Cecil B. De Mille, and then begun remodeling houses for a firm of builders. In 1927, Davidson opened up his own office in Los Angeles, though he never became a licensed architect. His commercial buildings of the 1920s, for which he often designed the interiors, fixtures and furniture, were widely published, including those for the popular Coconut Grove restaurant/nightclub and the High Hat restaurants. Davidson’s house designs date primarily from the late 1930s through the 1940s. &#13;
&#13;
Invited by John Entenza, editor of Arts and Architecture magazine, Davidson designed Case Study House 1, which was finally realized in 1948. He also designed Case Study House 11, the first of the Case Study houses to be built, and Case Study House 15. Although many of Davidson's designs were published during his lifetime, Esther McCoy helped bring international attention to his work when she included him in her book, The Second Generation. Davidson died at his home in Ojai, California on May 2, 1977.</text>
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                <text>Jock Peters worked with Eleanor LeMaire on the interiors of the women's clothing store. The architectural firm who designed  the building was Shreve, Lamb &amp; Harmon, and it is located on East 57th Street in Manhattan. The store was laid out 'boutique style' with many different areas or shops for the customer to browse. &#13;
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Due to poor heath, Peters decided to emigrate to the United States to join his brother in 1923. From 1924-1927 Peters worked as the art director at Famous Players/Lasky (later Paramount). In 1927, Peters founded the firm Peters by Jock, Brothers Modern American Design Office. Sometime before 1929, Peters started working for the store planners Neil Paradise, an association that led to the Bullock’s Wilshire commission for which Peters designed the first three floors of the department store. In 1931 Peters was commissioned to design a club house and swimming pool for the Park Modern subdivision in Calabasas, which stills stands today. He also designed two houses built in Los Feliz and San Marino, California. Jock Peters died at the age of 45 on March 31, 1934.</text>
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                <text>After working with an architect in Germany, Peters emigrated to the United States in 1922 and settled in Los Angeles. By 1924 he was working with Famous Players- Lasky Corporation, one of the largest silent film production companies in the city. Peters worked on set designs until 1927 when he opened a design company with his brother George. </text>
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                  <text>Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1875, Byers studied to become an electrical engineer at the University of Michigan. He went on to complete one year of graduate work at Harvard University before leaving to work as an electrical engineer for the U.S. Commission at the Paris Exposition, from 1900 to 1901. Byers then left Europe to teach linguistics at the North American Academy in Montevideo, Uruguay. By 1910 Byers was back in the United States, employed by Santa Monica High School, as the head of the Modern Language Department.&#13;
&#13;
1919 was a pivotal year for Byers. That year Byers was asked to supervise the construction of an adobe house for his wife’s cousin, Harry Johnson. After Johnson had observed a crew of Mexican craftsman build an adobe church in Ojai, California, he had hired the same builders to construct a house for his family in Brentwood, California. Not being able to speak Spanish posed a challenge for Johnson, so he asked John Byers to oversee the construction. Byers agreed, oversaw the project, and became fascinated with adobes. After this project, at the age of 44, Byers took a leave of absence from Santa Monica High School and began devoting all of his time and energy to studying and building adobe structures. That same year Byers established a kiln and work yard on the Johnson's property in Brentwood, California. There Byers and his crew of craftsman (the same men who built the Johnson adobe) manufactured floor and roof tiles as well as iron and woodwork - all products that were then used in the houses he designed and built. Byers named this operation the John Byers Mexican Handmade Tile Company. By spring of 1922, Byers had officially stepped down from his position at Santa Monica High School and began pursuing architecture full time, advertising his services as John Byers Organization for Design and Building of Latin Homes. That same year, some of the adobe houses he and his craftsman had designed and built were featured in an article entitled "A Revival of Adobe Buildings" published in the April 1922 issue of The Architect and Engineer.&#13;
&#13;
Between 1923 and 1925, Byers enlarged his staff, hired a construction manager and promoted Elda Muir to draftswomen. Elda Muir had been working with Byers since the age of 13, starting as his secretary and as time progressed worked her way up, eventually becoming Byers' associate. By 1926, Byers had earned his architectural license, dropped all building activities and concentrated only on design. To compensate for this shift in responsibilities, Byers enlarged his staff again. At this time Byers residential design also became more diversified. He began to design period homes, such as Spanish Colonial Revival, Monterey Colonial, and French Provincial, among others.&#13;
&#13;
By 1934, Elda Muir, after receiving her license, became Byers' associate. Between 1934 and 1942, the two worked together as Byers and Muir Associated Architects. For the duration of the firm, according to Muir, Byers kept strict control over all design but did little drawing. Usually Byers would execute the preliminary sketches, and after approval from the clients Muir and the rest of Byers's staff completed the rest of the plans. Over the course of his career, Byers designed and built over 200 homes in the southern California region, many in Santa Monica. Before his death in 1966, according to Elda Muir, Byers burned most of his papers and drawings in the early 1960s. What remained was given to the Architecture and Design Collection by Elda Muir.</text>
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Edla Muir, architect</text>
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1919 was a pivotal year for Byers. That year Byers was asked to supervise the construction of an adobe house for his wife’s cousin, Harry Johnson. After Johnson had observed a crew of Mexican craftsman build an adobe church in Ojai, California, he had hired the same builders to construct a house for his family in Brentwood, California. Not being able to speak Spanish posed a challenge for Johnson, so he asked John Byers to oversee the construction. Byers agreed, oversaw the project, and became fascinated with adobes. After this project, at the age of 44, Byers took a leave of absence from Santa Monica High School and began devoting all of his time and energy to studying and building adobe structures. That same year Byers established a kiln and work yard on the Johnson's property in Brentwood, California. There Byers and his crew of craftsman (the same men who built the Johnson adobe) manufactured floor and roof tiles as well as iron and woodwork - all products that were then used in the houses he designed and built. Byers named this operation the John Byers Mexican Handmade Tile Company. By spring of 1922, Byers had officially stepped down from his position at Santa Monica High School and began pursuing architecture full time, advertising his services as John Byers Organization for Design and Building of Latin Homes. That same year, some of the adobe houses he and his craftsman had designed and built were featured in an article entitled "A Revival of Adobe Buildings" published in the April 1922 issue of The Architect and Engineer.&#13;
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Between 1923 and 1925, Byers enlarged his staff, hired a construction manager and promoted Elda Muir to draftswomen. Elda Muir had been working with Byers since the age of 13, starting as his secretary and as time progressed worked her way up, eventually becoming Byers' associate. By 1926, Byers had earned his architectural license, dropped all building activities and concentrated only on design. To compensate for this shift in responsibilities, Byers enlarged his staff again. At this time Byers residential design also became more diversified. He began to design period homes, such as Spanish Colonial Revival, Monterey Colonial, and French Provincial, among others.&#13;
&#13;
By 1934, Elda Muir, after receiving her license, became Byers' associate. Between 1934 and 1942, the two worked together as Byers and Muir Associated Architects. For the duration of the firm, according to Muir, Byers kept strict control over all design but did little drawing. Usually Byers would execute the preliminary sketches, and after approval from the clients Muir and the rest of Byers's staff completed the rest of the plans. Over the course of his career, Byers designed and built over 200 homes in the southern California region, many in Santa Monica. Before his death in 1966, according to Elda Muir, Byers burned most of his papers and drawings in the early 1960s. What remained was given to the Architecture and Design Collection by Elda Muir.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
Between 1923 and 1925, Byers enlarged his staff, hired a construction manager and promoted Elda Muir to draftswomen. Elda Muir had been working with Byers since the age of 13, starting as his secretary and as time progressed worked her way up, eventually becoming Byers' associate. By 1926, Byers had earned his architectural license, dropped all building activities and concentrated only on design. To compensate for this shift in responsibilities, Byers enlarged his staff again. At this time Byers residential design also became more diversified. He began to design period homes, such as Spanish Colonial Revival, Monterey Colonial, and French Provincial, among others.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The two very different renderings of the Unitarian Church of Santa Monica highlight the range of styles that John Byers was capable of designing. The first image, a more Spanish Colonial style, was the ultimate choice of the building, which is shown in the third image, a photograph taken after construction. The second image shows a much more traditional church, with high pointed steeple, instead of the smaller tower with bell. </text>
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&#13;
1919 was a pivotal year for Byers. That year Byers was asked to supervise the construction of an adobe house for his wife’s cousin, Harry Johnson. After Johnson had observed a crew of Mexican craftsman build an adobe church in Ojai, California, he had hired the same builders to construct a house for his family in Brentwood, California. Not being able to speak Spanish posed a challenge for Johnson, so he asked John Byers to oversee the construction. Byers agreed, oversaw the project, and became fascinated with adobes. After this project, at the age of 44, Byers took a leave of absence from Santa Monica High School and began devoting all of his time and energy to studying and building adobe structures. That same year Byers established a kiln and work yard on the Johnson's property in Brentwood, California. There Byers and his crew of craftsman (the same men who built the Johnson adobe) manufactured floor and roof tiles as well as iron and woodwork - all products that were then used in the houses he designed and built. Byers named this operation the John Byers Mexican Handmade Tile Company. By spring of 1922, Byers had officially stepped down from his position at Santa Monica High School and began pursuing architecture full time, advertising his services as John Byers Organization for Design and Building of Latin Homes. That same year, some of the adobe houses he and his craftsman had designed and built were featured in an article entitled "A Revival of Adobe Buildings" published in the April 1922 issue of The Architect and Engineer.&#13;
&#13;
Between 1923 and 1925, Byers enlarged his staff, hired a construction manager and promoted Elda Muir to draftswomen. Elda Muir had been working with Byers since the age of 13, starting as his secretary and as time progressed worked her way up, eventually becoming Byers' associate. By 1926, Byers had earned his architectural license, dropped all building activities and concentrated only on design. To compensate for this shift in responsibilities, Byers enlarged his staff again. At this time Byers residential design also became more diversified. He began to design period homes, such as Spanish Colonial Revival, Monterey Colonial, and French Provincial, among others.&#13;
&#13;
By 1934, Elda Muir, after receiving her license, became Byers' associate. Between 1934 and 1942, the two worked together as Byers and Muir Associated Architects. For the duration of the firm, according to Muir, Byers kept strict control over all design but did little drawing. Usually Byers would execute the preliminary sketches, and after approval from the clients Muir and the rest of Byers's staff completed the rest of the plans. Over the course of his career, Byers designed and built over 200 homes in the southern California region, many in Santa Monica. Before his death in 1966, according to Elda Muir, Byers burned most of his papers and drawings in the early 1960s. What remained was given to the Architecture and Design Collection by Elda Muir.</text>
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&#13;
1919 was a pivotal year for Byers. That year Byers was asked to supervise the construction of an adobe house for his wife’s cousin, Harry Johnson. After Johnson had observed a crew of Mexican craftsman build an adobe church in Ojai, California, he had hired the same builders to construct a house for his family in Brentwood, California. Not being able to speak Spanish posed a challenge for Johnson, so he asked John Byers to oversee the construction. Byers agreed, oversaw the project, and became fascinated with adobes. After this project, at the age of 44, Byers took a leave of absence from Santa Monica High School and began devoting all of his time and energy to studying and building adobe structures. That same year Byers established a kiln and work yard on the Johnson's property in Brentwood, California. There Byers and his crew of craftsman (the same men who built the Johnson adobe) manufactured floor and roof tiles as well as iron and woodwork - all products that were then used in the houses he designed and built. Byers named this operation the John Byers Mexican Handmade Tile Company. By spring of 1922, Byers had officially stepped down from his position at Santa Monica High School and began pursuing architecture full time, advertising his services as John Byers Organization for Design and Building of Latin Homes. That same year, some of the adobe houses he and his craftsman had designed and built were featured in an article entitled "A Revival of Adobe Buildings" published in the April 1922 issue of The Architect and Engineer.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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                <text>John Byers papers, Architecture and Design Collection. Art, Design &amp; Architecture Museum; University of California, Santa Barbara.</text>
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                <text>Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Copyright restrictions also apply to digital representations of the original materials. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. University of California Regents.</text>
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                <text>These images are for the first and second floor plans for an early house for Mrs. John Byers. The plans are not dated, and there is no address listed anywhere on the sheets. The thick-lined walls for the living room and first floor bedroom indicate this house might have been partially constructed from adobe. The second floor bedrooms open onto a balcony, which would have assisted with cross-breezes and done away with the need for a sleeping porch.</text>
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                  <text>John Byers (1875-1966): Adobe houses</text>
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                  <text>Born in Grand Rapids, Michigan in 1875, Byers studied to become an electrical engineer at the University of Michigan. He went on to complete one year of graduate work at Harvard University before leaving to work as an electrical engineer for the U.S. Commission at the Paris Exposition, from 1900 to 1901. Byers then left Europe to teach linguistics at the North American Academy in Montevideo, Uruguay. By 1910 Byers was back in the United States, employed by Santa Monica High School, as the head of the Modern Language Department.&#13;
&#13;
1919 was a pivotal year for Byers. That year Byers was asked to supervise the construction of an adobe house for his wife’s cousin, Harry Johnson. After Johnson had observed a crew of Mexican craftsman build an adobe church in Ojai, California, he had hired the same builders to construct a house for his family in Brentwood, California. Not being able to speak Spanish posed a challenge for Johnson, so he asked John Byers to oversee the construction. Byers agreed, oversaw the project, and became fascinated with adobes. After this project, at the age of 44, Byers took a leave of absence from Santa Monica High School and began devoting all of his time and energy to studying and building adobe structures. That same year Byers established a kiln and work yard on the Johnson's property in Brentwood, California. There Byers and his crew of craftsman (the same men who built the Johnson adobe) manufactured floor and roof tiles as well as iron and woodwork - all products that were then used in the houses he designed and built. Byers named this operation the John Byers Mexican Handmade Tile Company. By spring of 1922, Byers had officially stepped down from his position at Santa Monica High School and began pursuing architecture full time, advertising his services as John Byers Organization for Design and Building of Latin Homes. That same year, some of the adobe houses he and his craftsman had designed and built were featured in an article entitled "A Revival of Adobe Buildings" published in the April 1922 issue of The Architect and Engineer.&#13;
&#13;
Between 1923 and 1925, Byers enlarged his staff, hired a construction manager and promoted Elda Muir to draftswomen. Elda Muir had been working with Byers since the age of 13, starting as his secretary and as time progressed worked her way up, eventually becoming Byers' associate. By 1926, Byers had earned his architectural license, dropped all building activities and concentrated only on design. To compensate for this shift in responsibilities, Byers enlarged his staff again. At this time Byers residential design also became more diversified. He began to design period homes, such as Spanish Colonial Revival, Monterey Colonial, and French Provincial, among others.&#13;
&#13;
By 1934, Elda Muir, after receiving her license, became Byers' associate. Between 1934 and 1942, the two worked together as Byers and Muir Associated Architects. For the duration of the firm, according to Muir, Byers kept strict control over all design but did little drawing. Usually Byers would execute the preliminary sketches, and after approval from the clients Muir and the rest of Byers's staff completed the rest of the plans. Over the course of his career, Byers designed and built over 200 homes in the southern California region, many in Santa Monica. Before his death in 1966, according to Elda Muir, Byers burned most of his papers and drawings in the early 1960s. What remained was given to the Architecture and Design Collection by Elda Muir.</text>
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                  <text>Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Copyright restrictions also apply to digital representations of the original materials. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. University of California Regents.</text>
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                  <text>Santa Monica, Calif.; Los Angeles, Calif.; Brentwood, Calif.</text>
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                <text>In the John Byers collection, many items are unidentified. Some of the drawings have dates or locations, however the vast majority do not. This pair of images shows the front of an adobe-style house in the first image, and the back of the house in the second. Both drawings bear the hallmarks of the Byers style-- red tile roofs, lush landscaping, and an exterior staircase leading to a second floor balcony.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="5650">
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                <text>Santa Monica, Calif.</text>
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                  <text>John Elgin Woolf (1908-1980): Hollywood Regency style houses</text>
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                  <text>John Elgin Woolf was trained as an architect at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and moved to Los Angeles in 1936, hoping to get into the movie business. He did not become an actor, but became acquainted with George Cukor, who introduced him to a wide range of celebrity clients for his design and architecture firm. The vast majority of buildings designed by Woolf were private residences, either additions, alterations, or entire houses. Hollywood Regency as an architectural style encompassed some aspects of French Normandie and English Regency styles, but with a decidedly theatrical flair in image-conscious Hollywood. With mansard roofs, oversize 'Pullman' doors, oval windows, Doric columns, and large swaths of color (both inside and out), Woolf's Hollywood Regency style stands out among the more traditional houses, and in sharp contrast to the newer mid-century modern. These residences were mostly located in Beverly Hills, along with a few in Montecito and country club commissions in Palm Desert. </text>
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                  <text>John E. Woolf papers, Architecture and Design Collection. Art, Design &amp; Architecture Museum; University of California, Santa Barbara.</text>
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                  <text>Los Angeles, Calif.; Beverly Hills, Calif.; Montecito, Calif.; Palm Desert, Calif.</text>
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                <text>John Elgin Woolf portraits</text>
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                <text>The Woolf archive contains quite a few portraits of John Elgin Woolf, including these color photos.</text>
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                <text>John Elgin Woolf, architect </text>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10807">
                <text>John E. Woolf papers, Architecture and Design Collection. Art, Design &amp; Architecture Museum; University of California, Santa Barbara.</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10808">
                <text>Architecture and Design Collection. Art, Design &amp; Architecture Museum; University of California, Santa Barbara.</text>
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          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10809">
                <text>circa 1955</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10810">
                <text>Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Copyright restrictions also apply to digital representations of the original materials. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. University of California Regents.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="46">
            <name>Relation</name>
            <description>A related resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10811">
                <text>adc_197</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10812">
                <text>image/jpg</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10813">
                <text>English</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="51">
            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="10814">
                <text>Still Image</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10815">
                <text>adc_197</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="38">
            <name>Coverage</name>
            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10816">
                <text>San Francisco, Calif.</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="10833">
                <text>Winemakers Louis and Flori Petri commissioned Woolf to design a house in the Pacific Heights neighborhood of San Francisco. Woolf also designed an apartment in San Francisco, a house in Napa, and a condominium in Palm Springs for the couple.</text>
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