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Kings Road House- details
Full size detail construction plan showing typical joints for constructing walls. This drawing shows the exact dimensions of how each piece of wood or other material is connected to form the walls, windows, doors, and frames of the house.
Kings Road House- blueprint
Blueprint showing floor plan and plot plan. This image outlines all of the rooms of the house, the sunken gardens, patios, flower beds, and tree placement in the garden.
Kings Road House- interior with fireplace
Interior view of one of the live/work spaces. The fireplaces were the only heat source in the house. All of the furniture was designed by Schinder specifically for this house.
Kings Road House- exterior elevation
Working drawing of exterior of house, showing the slab walls, garden, horizontal window areas, and 'sleeping basket' on the roof. Drawing also contains original sketching and notes.
Kings Road House- under construction
Two men are shown hoisting a poured concrete slab into place using a pulley system on the partially completed house. The tilt-slab construction system was invented by architect Irving Gill, and modified by Schindler so that only two people are needed…
Smith and Williams: Salet house (La Canada Flintridge, Calif.)
The Salet house was built as a mother-in-law unit on the same property, yet secluded from, the main house. The tadpole-shaped plan has a square, open plan living and dining zone, which separates living spaces from bedrooms. Opposite the entry is an…
Smith and Williams: Newport Dunes aerial views (Newport Beach, Calif.)
The Newport Dunes development was a planned resort destination in Newport Beach. The rendering and photographic aerial views show contrasting visions of design and reality.
Smith and Williams: Newport Dunes restrooms and lifeguard station (Newport Beach, Calif.)
An associate architect in the Smith and Williams offices, Robert Thorgusen, designed a beach bath house with an undulating wall of sprayed concrete and metal lath. Thorgusen may have also designed the wooden lifeguard station.
Smith and Williams: Newport Dunes restaurant (Newport Beach, Calif.)
The restaurant at Newport Dunes resort was commissioned by the Fred Harvey Company, which was known for hotels and restaurants that were part of train depots in the southwest United States in the early 20th century. The three story circular…
Smith and Williams: Port Holiday renderings (Lake Mead, Nev.)
The Port Holiday resort was never built, but was to be located in the northwest corner of Lake Mead's Boulder Basin, just outside of Las Vegas, on the way to the Hoover Dam. The client, J. Carlton Adair, commissioned the studies and conceptual…
Smith and Williams: Port Holiday model and plan (Lake Mead, Nev.)
Wayne Williams was the project manager for Community Facilities Planners on this unbuilt project in Lake Mead, Nevada. The development was to include homes, apartments, a mobile home park, hotels and shopping center, sporting areas, all clustered…
Smith and Williams: Mayfair Park (Lakewood, Calif.)
Community Facilities Planners produced a master plan for the parks of the City of Lakewood that called for creating four parks over 10 years. Smith and Williams designed the structures.
Smith and Williams: Brea Civic Center (Brea, Calif.)
Community Facilities Planners produced comprehensive planning reports for the Buena Park Civic Center and the Brea Civic Center.
Smith and Williams: Anderson house (Loomis, Calif.)
The Anderson house is arranged in two sections connected by a hall-bridge that runs between the living house and the sleeping house. The structure sits lightly on the site so as not to disturb the rocks and mature oaks. Decks create separate outdoor…
Smith and Williams: Orange County Home Show house (Costa Mesa, Calif.)
Robert Thorgusen of Smith and Williams was in charge of this exhibition house for the annual Orange County Home Show. Two identical rectangles—one for living and one for sleeping— are adjacent to a central court and surrounded by decks. Exposed…
Smith and Williams: Swanson house (Pasadena, Calif.)
As in many of Smith and Williams’s houses, the fireplace is set in a window wall. The architects bring nature directly into the house through views and by means of a stone wall that penetrates the living room from outside. A garden court sits at…
Smith and Williams: Sun Valley Methodist Church (Sun Valley, Calif.)
Whitney Smith, the partner in charge, designed a tent-like structure for a new sanctuary, in deference to the Methodist open door philosophy of worship. The interior furnishings, including the cross, communion table and rail, lectern and pulpit were…
Smith and Williams: Smith & Williams office (Pasadena, Calif.)
The first Smith and Williams office space was a converted structure on a property belonging to a Mrs. Armstrong, on South Los Robles Avenue in Pasadena.
Smith and Williams: Blue Ribbon Construction Company tract housing (Northridge, Calif.)
The great variety of work in the Smith and Williams’s office mirrors the growth of Los Angeles, so it is not surprising that they designed more than 50 tract housing projects. One of the best is a small development of 13 houses in Northridge for…
Smith and Williams: Divina Vista tract housing (Monterey Park, Calif.)
Smith and Williams designed the Divina Vista housing tract for the Security Development Corporation in the Los Angeles suburb of Monterey Park.
Smith and Williams argued that the problem of tract houses— small lots too close together—could be…
Smith and Williams argued that the problem of tract houses— small lots too close together—could be…
Smith and Williams: Booth house (Beverly Hills, Calif.)
In the final design for the Booth house, a deck extends all the way across the outside and beyond the edges of the living room, integrating the outside and inside areas into one living space, close to trees. The Booth house is similar to the Crowell…
Smith and Williams: Crowell house (Pasadena, Calif.)
The Crowell house site is on a hilltop, at the edge of a ravine. The design won an Award of Merit in 1956 in a contest sponsored by House & Home and Sunset magazine. The A.I.A. judges cited the manner in which the “Japanese-influenced house”…
Smith and Williams: Wilcox house (Sierra Madre, Calif.)
The house for William B. Wilcox was designed by Whitney Smith and described as an adult house for informal living and entertaining. The kitchen cooking unit and the fireplace are back-to-back, making circulation between living, dining, and kitchen…
Smith and Williams: Farris house (San Gabriel, Calif.)
A central garden room separates living and sleeping zones from the kitchen. The roof is pitched to capture light and views from the hilltop site. The use of concrete block in the garden room may have inspired Smith and Williams’s model house for…
Smith and Williams: Siegel house (Pasadena, Calif.)
The house for Dr. Daniel Siegel and his family uses a strong circulation element, in this case a ramp, to organize the living areas on a deep and steep lot. The entrance to the house is strongly marked with a long covered walk. Cobblestones are used…
Smith and Williams: Blaisdell medical office (Pasadena, Calif.)
Medical offices became a Whitney Smith specialty; he designed two before 1949 and at least 14 with Smith and Williams. This refined design, perhaps his best, was made of concrete and wood. Patients entered through a landscaped area, now devoted to…
Smith and Williams: Royce Children's Clinic (Pasadena, Calif.)
The exterior is reserved but the inside is full of visual excitement. Wooden screens and colored glass separate reception from waiting areas, and animate the small space. As in their other doctors’ offices, the scale and materials create a…
Smith and Williams: United Autoworkers Union building (Los Angeles, Calif.)
Of all Smith and Williams’s buildings, the union structures are the most modernistic. The glass, steel and concrete buildings present forthright, transparent façades to their members and communities. The materials also represent the sleek and…
Smith and Williams: CAPSA College Car Wash (Pasadena, Calif.)
Constructed on Pasadena’s main street, Colorado Blvd., this structure won an A.I.A. award. The jury praised the CAPSA Carwash for possessing lightness and motion. The steel-skeleton structure takes full advantage of its openness to create a…
Smith and Williams: Mobil Service Station (Anaheim, Calif.)
The design of this Mobil station solved the requirements for auto maneuverability on a tight site with modern engineering. Smith and Williams hung four canopies of open web steel on poles to shelter gas pumps, the service area, rest rooms, and the…
Smith and Williams: Neighborhood Church (Pasadena, Calif.)
Prior to 1966, the Neighborhood Church congregation used a sanctuary building at 535 South Pasadena Avenue that had been built in 1887 as the First Congregational Church. In 1946, the church expanded its facilities. Smith and Williams designed a…
Smith and Williams: Armstrong house (Pasadena, Calif.)
In a letter dated September 1955 to Dan MacMasters at the Los Angeles Examiner’s Pictorial Living section, Smith described the Armstrong house as having no front or back. All four sides, he wrote, were designed for looking ‘at’ and for looking…
Smith and Williams: Microdot Incorporated (South Pasadena, Calif.)
Brick and colored, clear, and painted glass were used to create visually pleasing spaces inside—a lobby and conference room—and read on the exterior as colorful volumes.
A preliminary design proposed a façade that resembled a computer punch…
A preliminary design proposed a façade that resembled a computer punch…
Smith and Williams: St. Paul's Lutheran Church (Monrovia, Calif.)
Smith and Williams created, at the time, the longest unsupported plywood vaults for this church. The clerestories under the vaults are lighted at night, which makes the roof appear to float.
Smith and Williams: Friend Paper Company (Pasadena, Calif.)
The saw tooth edge of the Friend Paper Company roof creates a distinctive character for the building on the street. What is not as noticeable is the double roof system that Smith and Williams created to modulate the effect of heat and light coming…
Smith and Williams: Community Facilities Planning office (Pasadena, Calif.)
The building on S. Fair Oaks in Pasadena was designed to be four separate buildings housed under one large metal lattice roof, which covers the gardens and offers privacy. The original group of Community Facilities Planners included: Smith and…
Smith and Williams: San Gabriel Valley Medical Association building (San Gabriel, Calif.)
This medical building comprises four separate structures, connected by stairways and an L-shaped second floor. The round building, closest to Las Tuna Drive, originally was a pharmacy.
Smith and Williams: Goodrich house (San Marino, Calif.)
Interior screens separate the functions in the open plan living zone of the Goodrich house and yet still keep the volume spacious.
For the Calvin Goodrich house, Whitney Smith designed a "petal" roof: four identical gables, floating above…
For the Calvin Goodrich house, Whitney Smith designed a "petal" roof: four identical gables, floating above…
Smith and Williams: George house (La Canada Flintridge, Calif.)
This house was designed for a musician and an artist on a heavily wooded lot that included nearly 50 mature trees, some of which the architects allowed to grow through the eaves, rather than remove. The architects designed the house as two separate…
Smith and Williams: Newton house (Los Angeles, Calif.)
The house for Dr. and Mrs. Bernauer Newton and family is considered one of their boldest designs for integrating inside and outside spaces.
The bedrooms for the Newton house are in separate pavilions connected to the living area by covered…
The bedrooms for the Newton house are in separate pavilions connected to the living area by covered…
Smith and Williams: Van Vechten Launders and Cleaners (Pasadena, Calif.)
The drive-in laundry used the canopy (33 feet wide and 48 feet long) to catch the customer’s eye as well as to shelter customers and the car hops who retrieved and delivered laundry for waiting cars. The triangular space frame truss is accented by…
Smith and Williams: United States Post Office (La Canada Flintridge, Calif.)
The post office was designed to anchor a small suburban shopping center. A reproduction of a rendering in the archive shows that the decorative folded detail on the façade was to be carried through onto the fronts of the other buildings in the…
Smith and Williams: Scripps College swimming pool (Claremont, Calif.)
The pavilion was designed by Smith and Williams in 1958, and contained walls which were inset with milk-white, blue, and translucent glass panels.
Smith and Williams: Mulder-Gregg medical building (Covina, Calif.)
The wood beams are used in a craftsman mode and contribute to the soothing domestic appeal of this small medical building.
Smith and Williams: Sunset Canyon Recreation Center (Los Angeles, Calif.)
Wayne Williams and Robert Meyerhof, associate partner in the Smith and Williams’s office, designed a multi-level arrangement of decks and stair landings with an elaborate post-and-beam system that gives the impression of a tree house. The…
Smith and Williams: Barr Lumber model house (Los Angeles, Calif.)
In 1944-1945 the Barr Lumber Company invited three architects to design model houses for an unbuilt experiment and engaged landscape architect Garrett Eckbo to create gardens for each of the proposals. For his submission, Whitney Smith wrote an…
Smith and Williams: Mutual Housing Association (Los Angeles, Calif.)
In 1946, a group of four friends decided to pool their resources and buy land in the hills above Sunset Boulevard to build homes for their families. The group soon grew to over 400 interested parties, and the group became the Mutual Housing…
California City: Aerial renderings
California City was designed as a master-planned community, with all of the necessities of life close by: home, work, recreation, and shopping. Smith and Williams were able to start with a blank canvas-- literally the open desert-- to create multiple…
California City- Water resources
California City was chosen as a building site because of its' proximity to highways, railroads, military bases, and mining. It also was purported to sit on top of an underground aquifer that would never run dry. Smith and Williams, along with…
California City: Central Park
The main recreation area at the center of town was the Central Park. It contained golf courses, swimming pools, and a large lake for boating and fishing. Smith and Williams designed this distinctive shade structure for the end of the boat ramp.
California City: Church
As city planners, Smith and Williams designed many different types of buildings used by various parts of the community. The Congregational Church in California City utilized the same stylistic roof and shade structure motif of the recreation building…
California City: Neighborhood Plans
In order to attract a wide variety and number of prospective home owners to this planned community, Smith and Williams designed a variety of neighborhood plans to fit different demographics. Some neighborhoods featured wide, park-like lots without…
California City: Advertising Brochure
Despite all of the city planning and marketing of California City, the population did not increase at the rates hoped for by the investors. The marketing of California City was aimed at people in the greater Los Angeles area who wanted to escape the…
Smith and Williams: Spencer house (Pasadena, Calif.)
Smith had an opportunity in the Spencer house to realize some of the ideas in his Case Study House 12. The Spencer’s property contained a number of garden structures, including a Greene and Greene lath house. Sketches in the Spencer file show Smith…
Smith and Williams: Crawford's Country Mart (Los Angeles, Calif.)
This is a rendering of an unbuilt design for a country market.
The use of a metal lath roof easily defines the space of the market and encompasses all its activities and products. A similar roof design was incorporated into the building for…
The use of a metal lath roof easily defines the space of the market and encompasses all its activities and products. A similar roof design was incorporated into the building for…
Smith and Williams: Ralphs Market (South Pasadena, Calif.)
Smith and Williams designed several schemes for Ralphs Grocery Stores. For the South Pasadena location, they designed a distinctive frame for the facade that faces the parking lot. The frame is made up of an expressionistic roof edging held up by…
Smith and Williams: Buena Park Civic Center (Buena Park, Calif.)
Smith and Williams arranged the office spaces in six pavilions connected by covered walkways that carry people from the edge of the site to each of the six pavilions.
Smith and Williams: John Marshall Junior High School (Pasadena, Calif.)
Photographs in the Smith and Williams’s files show the students at John Marshall congregating in groups at the edge of the campus. The design for a new cafeteria gracefully accommodates the students’ energetic sociability with a space that is…
Smith and Williams: Dorr-Siegel-Click-Hurley medical building (Pasadena, Calif.)
These medical offices have an unusual form and are very difficult to see from the exterior. In the simplified plan, the building is composed of two adjacent circles connected by a diamond- shaped reception vestibule. Patients enter through a small…
Smith and Williams: California State Polytechnic University (Pomona, Calif.)
Smith and Williams designed more residential and commercial buildings but produced many master plans and planning studies for public and civic projects. The expansion of the state college and university systems provided work for many architects…
Smith and Williams: Welborn Phillips Company housing (Pasadena, Calif.)
The Welborn Phillips Company was a developer of tract homes. Smith and Williams created a brochure which illustrated their philosophy on tract housing. They highlighted such details as exterior masonry planter boxes to give a pleasant view from…
Smith and Williams: Santa Ana Woods (Santa Ana, Calif.)
Whitney Smith described his design for the Santa Ana Woods tract development as one of his best: "a tract of 104 houses, set far apart from other neighborhoods by natural barriers. The exclusive atmosphere further emphasized by the stone entrance."
Smith and Williams portraits
Portraits of both Whitney Smith and Wayne Williams can be found in both the Smith and Williams collection as well as the Wayne Williams collection.
Whitney Rowland Smith was born in Pasadena in 1911 and lived there most of his life. He entered the…
Whitney Rowland Smith was born in Pasadena in 1911 and lived there most of his life. He entered the…
Santa Barbara College of the University of California-- Mesa Campus Master Plan
This master plan of the Leadbetter Mesa campus, assumed to be drawn by Soule & Murphy, shows a large number of buildings built on the mesa and surrounding areas. The Arts buildings were clustered towards the Cliff Drive side of campus, while the…
Soule & Murphy: bird's eye view of campus
In 1950, Santa Barbara architecture firm Soule and Murphy developed a master plan for the campus. Initially, the college was to be a small liberal-arts college (with a maximum enrollment of 3500 students), not a large research university. The Soule…
Science Building -- Webb Hall
A watercolor rendering of the second building to be built on the Goleta campus. The Science Building was designed by Santa Barbara architects Windsor Soule and John Murphy, who were the supervising architects for the new campus until 1953. The 1.2…
Campus Landscape Plan -- Soule and Murphy
A rendering of the landscape plan for the campus. This plan orients south at the top of the plan, with the lagoon and ocean at the top and left of the image. Three quadrangles (south, east, and northwest) are shown originating from a central point.…
SBCAA: Williams house (Santa Barbara, Calif.)
This house is listed as Demonstration House Number 7 for the Better Homes Committee. Owners were Dr. and Mrs. Allin Williams for this house on East Padre Street.
SBCAA: unidentified house (Santa Barbara, Calif.)
This house won second prize in the House and Garden Competition in 1927. It was remodeled by Soule, Murphy & Hastings and is located near East Islay and Laguna Street in Santa Barbara.
Aztec Hotel: Exterior presentation board
Colored pencil on board rendering of exterior view of hotel. This presentation board shows the view of the front entrance of the hotel, with shops on either side. The asymmetrical "Mayan" stonework is shown above the entrance, and the sage green…
Aztec Hotel: Exterior presentation board, side view
Colored pencil rendering of exterior side view of hotel on board. This view shows the corner of Foothill Boulevard (old Route 66), and Magnolia Avenue. It features "Mayan" decorative motifs on the corner, and along the side of the building. The view…
Aztec Hotel: Interior presentation board
Colored pencil on board. Rendering of interior of lobby; this shows the original design from August 1924. This presentation board displays the full color effect that Stacy-Judd was trying to achieve with his "Mayan Revival" style. The fireplace is on…
Aztec Hotel: Lobby looking west
Photograph of interior of lobby looking towards the fireplace with the front desk to the right-hand side. Cast concrete was used for the "Mayan" forms around the doorways and fireplace. Stacy-Judd painted the murals on the walls and designed the…
Aztec Hotel: Lobby looking east
Black and white photograph of the lobby looking towards the east. The front desk is on the left, with the entrance to the lobby on the right. The stairway on the far left leads to the outdoor patio area for the restaurant. "Mayan" themed furniture…
Aztec Hotel: Front desk
This image depicts the front desk in the lobby of the hotel. The "Mayan" themed furniture and the wall accents (including the drinking fountain) were designed by Stacy-Judd. The short staircase led to the private dining rooms for the restaurant.
Aztec Hotel: First floor plan
The original floor plan for the first floor of the hotel. Stores, barber shop, and coffee shop are along the bottom of the image. The lobby and dining room for the restaurant are in the center. In the upper right-hand corner are four one-room…
Aztec Hotel: Exterior elevation drawings
This original drawing depicts each of the four main elevations: west, north, east, and south. The main entrance facade (south elevation) contains the majority of the cast concrete decorative elements. The west elevation shows the pergola and patio…
Aztec Hotel: Lobby elevation drawings
This is a scale drawing of the north and south walls of the Aztec Hotel lobby. The north wall features the detail work on the staircase to the second floor, doorways leading to the restaurant dining rooms, and the front desk. The south elevation…
Aztec Hotel: Exterior photograph with cars
The black and white photograph shows the front facade of the hotel, with 1920s era automobiles. The caption at the bottom of the photograph: "First structure ever erected utilizing Ancient Maya Art Motifs throughout."
Thornton Abell: Bank of America (Los Angeles, Calif.)
In addition to private homes, Abell also designed schools, stores, and other commercial buildings such as this bank on Larchmont in Los Angeles. The clean and simple facade, overhanging roof, and ample off-street parking have survived the 40+ years…
Thornton Abell: LeBrun house (Malibu, Calif.)
The house was designed for Rico LeBrun, an artist and teacher. LeBrun requested a large art studio with an outside work area, inside work area, drawing room, metal shop, sculpture room, and large studio with darkroom and plentiful storage. The house…
Thornton Abell: Adelman house (Beverly Hills, Calif.)
This house for L.B. Adelman is sited on a portion of the former Charlie Chaplin estate in Beverly Hills (the tennis court on the property is the original Chaplin Estate court). The post and beam design was designed by Abell and O'Neil Ford, a…
Thornton Abell: CSU Art Building (Fullerton, Calif.)
The Art Building complex at California State University, Fullerton is actually a grouping of four buildings connected by courtyards, loggias, and water features. The classrooms in the Art building were designed to be wide and long, to permit many…
Thornton Abell: Abell office (Santa Monica, Calif.)
The Thornton Abell office building in Santa Monica highlights his architectural style for clients. The use of clean lines, indoor/outdoor living, and sliding partition doors were all features showcased in the photos by architectural photographer…
Thornton Abell: Beck house (Los Angeles, Calif.)
This house in the Bel Air Hills section of Los Angeles, was built for Dr. William S. Beck. Sited on a steeply upwardly sloping lot in a canyon, the house was placed close to the road to take advantage of the only flat portion of the lot.
Thornton Abell: Braddock Street School (Los Angeles, Calif.)
This elementary school was one of many schools designed by Abell. Located in the Culver City area of Los Angeles, this school is now a 'gifted magnet' school. The photographs by Julius Shulman were thoughtfully staged.
Thornton Abell: National Home Show model home (Inglewood, Calif.)
This house was built for the Los Angeles Seventh National Home Show and Building Exposition. Abell designed a model home named "The Californian."
Thornton Abell: Charnock Road Elementary (Mar Vista, Calif.)
The site plan for the Charnock Road Elementary School shows how additional buildings could be added to the site as enrollment grew during the population boom of the 1950s. This was a project for the Los Angeles City School district in the Mar Vista…
Thornton Abell: Rich house (Los Angeles, Calif.)
The steel magnate Gustav Rich commissioned this house from Abell in 1966. The steel frame with stucco also contained long walls of glass and interior walls of walnut.
The house was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 2006, after…
The house was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 2006, after…
Thornton Abell: Mt. Vernon Junior High School (Los Angeles, Calif.)
This commission from the Los Angeles School District for a classroom building at Mt. Vernon Junior High, was located in the West Adams neighborhood. It is now named the Johnnie Cochran Middle School.
Thornton Abell portraits
The Thornton Abell archive contains a number of studio portraits of the architect.
Thornton Abell: Valley Center Shopping Center (Van Nuys, Calif.)
This rendering for a shopping center was commissioned by M. Russell Davis and Philip Mackay Gordon, builder and business property developers. This early work shows influences of Streamline Moderne as well as a more Modern aesthetic.
Thornton Abell: KTLA Studio Plant (Hollywood, Calif.)
For this axonometric drawing, Abell shows a cut-away of the Paramount Television Productions studio plant on North Bronson Avenue in Hollywood. Klaus Landsberg, a pioneering electrical engineer for the early television studios, is listed as the 'West…
Thornton Abell: Degnan shopping center (Los Angeles, Calif.)
For this shopping center in the Leimert Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, Abell designed the business block for Philip M. Gordon and the Los Feliz Investment Company.
Thornton Abell: Niedringhaus/Reber duplexes (Montecito, Calif.)
Abell designed side-by-side duplexes for sisters Mary McKeen Niedringhaus and Christine Reber. Both houses had private views of the mountains and each side of the duplex also contained a rental unit.
Thornton Abell: Bakos house (Los Angeles, Calif.)
This one-story house in the Hollywood Hills area of Los Angeles is sited on a flat lot, with a private pool and outdoor living area. Built with a distinctive roof line, the house allows for indoor/outdoor living through glass walls and atriums.
Thornton Abell: Siskin house (Los Angeles, Calif.)
This house was built in the Brentwood area of Los Angeles for a young family with many children, live-in maids, and a need to entertain large groups. The International Style house that Abell designed also worked well for the Siskin's need for…
Thornton Abell: Abell house (Santa Monica, Calif.)
Thornton Abell designed this house on a very steep lot in the hills of Santa Monica for himself and his family. The three story home featured a rooftop deck, main level terrace, lower level drafting room, and a garden with a pool and guest house.
World War II Marine base and future site of the UC Santa Barbara campus: view of barracks
A view of the World War II barracks, as they existed when the University developed the Goleta mesa site. Barracks like these were turned into classrooms, laboratories, and offices. This photograph appears to have been taken in the current area of…
World War II Marine base and future site of UC Santa Barbara: aerial view of site and coastline
An aerial view of the Goleta mesa campus site, with Campus Point in the foreground and the Santa Barbara Airport in the distance. World War II era buildings can be seen both inside and outside of the line of eucalyptus trees used as a windbreak. This…